Guidance on strengthening the management processes of children's fever in outpatient department during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic period (First Edition).

Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) is a class B infectious disease, which is prevented and controlled according to class A infectious diseases. Recently, children's NCP cases have gradually increased, and children's fever outpatient department has become the first strategic pass to stop the epidemic.Strengthening the management of the fever diagnosis process is very important for early detection of suspected children, early isolation, early treatment and prevention of cross-infection. This article proposes prevention and control strategies for fever diagnosis, optimizes processes, prevents cross-infection, health protection and disinfection of medical staff, based on the relevant diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control programs of the National Health and Health Commission and on the diagnosis and treatment experience of experts in various provinces and cities. The present guidance summarizes current strategies on pre-diagnosis;triage, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in common fever, suspected and confirmed children, which provide practical suggestions on strengthening the management processes of children's fever in outpatient department during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic period.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.

Global DSGE models

We introduce our GDSGE framework and a novel global solution method, called simultaneous transition and policy function iterations (STPFIs), for solving dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models. The framework encompasses many well-known incomplete markets models with highly nonlinear dynamics such as models of financial crises and models with rare disasters including the current COVID-19 pandemic. Using consistency equations, our method is most effective at solving models featuring endogenous state variables with implicit laws of motion such as wealth or consumption shares. Finally, we incorporate this method in an automated and publicly available toolbox that solves many important models in the aforementioned topics, and in many cases, more efficiently and/or accurately than their original algorithms. © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

Research on dynamic coalition stability of mask production under COVID-19 epidemic

Based on evolutionary game and catastrophe theory, the stability of dynamic coalition of mask production is explored. This research introduces the Gaussian White noise and a Itô stochastic differential equation to develop dynamical equation. Then, probability density function is introduced to build the catastrophe model. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to explore the influence of excess return, default cost and initial cooperation probability. The results show: 1) Catastrophic change occurs suddenly when parameters cross the borderline of bifurcation aggregation;2) The catastrophic change occurs due to external disturbance when parameters are inside the bifurcation aggregation which is easy to recover;3) The excess return affects negatively, and the default cost and the initial cooperation probability affect positively on the stability of dynamic coalition. This research integrates evolutionary game and catastrophe theory and provide a new idea for dynamic coalition research;supports the establishment of mask production dynamic coalition and implementation for unconventional control measures under the COVID-19 epidemic. © 2021, Editorial Board of Journal of Systems Engineering Society of China. All right reserved.

Nanomaterials for Therapeutic RNA Delivery

Recent years have witnessed tremendous developments and breakthroughs in the field of RNA-based therapeutics. The distinct mechanisms of exogenous RNAs and analogs, including messenger RNAs, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides, have brought them unprecedented potential to treat a variety of pathological conditions. However, the widespread application of RNA therapeutics is hampered by their intrinsic features (e.g., instability, large size, and dense negative charge) and formidable host barriers. Development of safe and efficient vectors is key for successful delivery and translation of RNA therapeutics. In this review, we first present an overview of RNA therapeutics and their clinical translation. We then discuss their delivery challenges and highlight recent advances in nanomaterial-based RNA-delivery platforms. Finally, the potential concerns and future developments of RNA delivery systems are discussed. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. RNA therapeutics hold great promise to treat many diseases including infectious diseases, cancers, and genetic disorders. However, their intrinsic properties (e.g., instability and large size) and formidable barriers have hindered their broad applications. There is a growing demand for developing safe and efficient vectors for RNA delivery. Nanomaterials (NMs), with the potential to overcome multiple physiological barriers, have emerged as promising non-viral vectors. With one marketed RNA drug, patisiran, and many drug candidates in clinical trials, NM-based delivery platforms are bridging the gap between RNA molecules and medicinal applications. Specifically, the unprecedented speed of mRNA vaccine development against the COVID-19 pandemic addresses the great value of NMs. In this review, we first give an overview of RNA therapeutics and their clinical translation. We then summarize recent advances in RNA-delivery NMs. Finally, we provide perspectives on future developments of NMs. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Recent years have witnessed tremendous development and breakthroughs in the field of RNA-based therapeutics. The distinct mechanisms of exogenous RNAs and analogs, including messenger RNAs, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, and antisense oligonucleotides, have brought them unprecedented potential to treat a variety of pathological conditions. However, the widespread application of RNA therapeutics is hampered by their intrinsic features (e.g., instability, large size, and dense negative charge) and formidable host barriers. Development of safe and efficient vectors is key for successful delivery and translation of RNA therapeutics. In this review, we first present an overview of RNA therapeutics and their clinical translation. We then discuss their delivery challenges and highlight recent advances in nanomaterial-based RNA-delivery platforms. Finally, the potential concerns and future developments of RNA-delivery systems are discussed. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.